Ethics Resources

Compiled by the AAPA Ethics Committee*

(*last updated March 2015)

Key Resources for Biological Anthropology

Turner, TR (2014) Large scale collections of biological materials and ethical first principles. Curator 57(2): 259-267
MacClancy, J and Fuentes, A, editors (2013) Ethics in the Field: Contemporary Challenges. New York: Berghahn Books.
Turner, TR (2012) Ethical issues in human population biology. Current Anthropology 53(S5): S222-232.
Riley, EP and MacKinnon, KC, editors (2010) Special section on Ethical Issues in Field Primatology. American Journal of Primatology 72(9): 749-793.
Turner, TR, editor (2004) Biological Anthropology and Ethics: From Repatriation to Genetic Identity. Albany: SUNY Press.

Foundational, Historical Documents

· Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

o Possible hyperlinks:

§ http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml

§ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights

· Nuremberg Code, 1949

http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/archive/nurcode.html

o Possible hyperlinks:

§ http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/archive/nurcode.html

§ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Code

· Declaration of Helsinki, 1964, and subsequently amended six times (most recently 2008)

o Possible hyperlinks:

§ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki

§ http://www.wma.net/en/60about/70history/01declarationHelsinki/

§ http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/10ethics/10helsinki/

· Belmont Report, 1979

o Possible hyperlinks:

§ http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html

§ http://archive.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.htm

§ http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/archive/belmontArchive.html

§ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont_Report

· U.S. Animal Welfare Act, 1966 plus all amendments through 2008)

o Hyperlink:

§ http://awic.nal.usda.gov/government-and-professional-resources/federal-laws/animal-welfare-act

· U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act, 1973

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.epw.senate.gov/esa73.pdf

Selected International Documents

· For the 10 Core International Human Rights documents, see http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CoreInstruments.aspx

· Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, 2005

o Hyperlink:

§ http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

· International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, 2003

o Hyperlink:

§ http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17720&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

· Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, 1997

o Hyperlink:

§ http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13177&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

Selection of Other Anthropological (or related fields) Organizations’ Codes of Ethics and Guiding Statements

· American Anthropological Association (AAA) Ethics Code, revised 2012

o Hyperlinks:

§ http://www.aaanet.org/coe/Code_of_Ethics.pdf

§ NEW: http://ethics.aaanet.org/ethics-statement-0-preamble/

· Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) Code of Ethics, revised 1997

o Hyperlinks:

§ http://www.archaeological.org/pdfs/AIA_Code_of_EthicsA5S.pdf

§ http://www.archaeological.org/about/policies

· American Alliance of Museums, Code of Ethics for Museums, revised 2000

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.aam-us.org/resources/ethics-standards-and-best-practices/code-of-ethics-for-museums

· American Psychological Association, Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in the Care and Use of Animals, updated February 2014

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/care/guidelines.aspx

· Animal Behavior Society, 1991. ‘Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research’, Animal Behavior 41: 183–86.

· American Society of Primatologists (ASP) and International Primatological Society (IPS) Best Practices in Field Primatology, co-approved Fall 2014

o Hyperlink:

§ https://www.asp.org/resources/docs/Code%20of_Best_Practices%20Oct%202014.pdf

· American Society of Primatologists (ASP) Principles for the Ethical Treatment of Non-Human Primates, approved 2001

o Hyperlink:

§ https://www.asp.org/society/resolutions/EthicalTreatmentOfNonHumanPrimates.cfm

· British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology, Code of Ethics and Code of Practice

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.babao.org.uk/index/ethics-and-standards

· International Council of Museums, Code of Ethics, revised 2004

o Hyperlink:

§ http://icom.museum/the-vision/code-of-ethics/

· International Primatological Society (IPS) Guidelines for the Use of Nonhuman Primates in Research

o Hyperlink

§ http://www.internationalprimatologicalsociety.org/docs/IPS%20ethical%20guidelines%20FINAL.pdf

· International Primatological Society (IPS) Guidelines for the Acquisition, Care, and Breeding of Nonhuman Primates, revised 2007

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.internationalprimatologicalsociety.org/docs/IPS_International_Guidelines_for_the_Acquisition_Care_and_Breeding_of_Nonhuman_Primates_Second_Edition_2007.pdf

· National Academy of Sciences.1995. On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

· Society of American Archaeology Ethics Code, adopted 1996

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/PrinciplesofArchaeologicalEthics/tabid/203/Default.aspx

· World Archaeological Congress Code of Ethics, adopted 1990

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.worldarchaeologicalcongress.org/site/about_ethi.php

Other Useful Resources

· Ethics Resources from the AAA

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.aaanet.org/cmtes/ethics/Ethics-Resources.cfm

· American Association of University Professors, Resources on Professional Ethics

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.aaup.org/issues/ethics/resources-professional-ethics

· Animal Ethics Infolink on collecting voucher specimens

o Hyperlink:

§ http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/voucher-specimens

· Bioethics resources from the Rock Ethics Institute at Penn State University

o Hyperlink:

http://rockethics.psu.edu/bioethics/resources/resources/web-sites

· President's Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues

o The PCSBI home page is at http://bioethics.gov/
o The educational tools are at http://bioethics.gov/education

Helpful Articles/Books to Get Started

· Clancy, K.B.H., Nelson, R.G., Rutherford, J.R., Hinde, K., “Survey of academic field experiences (SAFE): Trainees report harassment and assault”, PLOS One 9(7): http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102172

· Nancy Tuana, "Conceptualizing moral literacy", Journal of Educational Administration, 2007; 45(4): 364-378. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09578230710762409

o Tuana provides the fundamental elements of moral literacy (ethics sensitivity, ethical reasoning skills, and moral imagination) and breaks down essential components of each.

· Scheinke et al., The Role of the NSF Broader Impacts Criterion in Enhancing Research Ethics Pedagogy, Social Epistemology2008; 23(3): 317-336. DOI 10.1080/02691720903364282. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02691720903364282

o Scheinke and colleagues propose a three-prong approach to the ethical dimensions in scientific research (EDSR) model: procedural ethics, intrinsic ethics, and extrinsic ethics.

· Arthur Kleinman, Anthropology of Bioethics. In Writing at the Margin: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine. 1997, California University Press. DOI: 10.1525/california/9780520209657.001.0001

o Kleinman identifies anthropological contributions and influences on bioethics.

o Hyperlink to the book’s publisher page: http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520209657

· Daniel Wickler and Dan W. Brock, Population-Level Bioethics: Mapping a New Agenda. In Ronald Michael Green, Aine Donovan & Steven A. Jauss (eds.), Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press (2008)

o Wickler and Brock provide a “Bird’s-Eye Perspective”

o Hyperlink to the book’s publisher page: http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199546596.do

· Paul Farmer and Nicole Gastineau Campos, Rethinking Medical Ethics: A View From Below. Dev World Bioeth. 2004 May;4(1):17-41.

o Farmer and Campos provide an important perspective on issues related to working in “resource-poor settings” and with marginalized people.

o Hyperlink to PubMed abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15086372

· Beauchamp and Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 7thEd., Oxford UP. ISBN 0195335708

o Hyperlink to the book’s publisher page: http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/he/subject/Philosophy/Ethics/BioethicsBiomedicalEthics/?view=usa&ci=9780199924585

· Embedding Ethics, Edited by Lynn Meskell and Peter Pels. Berg Publishers. 2005.

o Hyperlink to book’s publisher page: http://www.bergpublishers.com/?tabid=2216

· Genetics: Ethics, Law and Policy, 2nd Edition by Lori B. Andrews, Maxwell J Mehlman, and Mark A Rothstein (American Casebook Series by Thomas West) ISBN 0-314-16293-3.

· Art and Cultural Heritage: Law, Policy and Practice, edited by Barbara T. Hoffman, ISBN-10 0-521-85764-3, ISBN-13 978-0-521-85764-2

· Cultural Heritage Ethics. Constantine Sandis. Open Book Publishers, 2014.

o Hyperlink: http://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Heritage-Ethics-Between-Practice/dp/1783740671/ref=sr_1_45?ie=UTF8&qid=1425734343&sr=8-45&keywords=ethics+theories

· Canada Panel on Research Ethics: "TCPS 2 (2014) - Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans”.

o Hyperlink: http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique/initiatives/tcps2-eptc2/Default/

Selected Statutes

Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987 (ASA)
- 43 U.S.C. § 2101 et. seq.
Antiquities Act of 1906
- 16 U.S.C. § 431 et. seq.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA)
- 16 U.S.C. § 470 et. seq.
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA)
- 16 U.S.C. § 470aa et. seq.
Native Americans Grave Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA)
- 25 U.S.C. § 3001 et. seq.
National Stolen Property Act (NSPA)
- 18 U.S.C. § 2314 et. seq.
Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
- 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq.
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
- 16 U.S.C. §1531 et seq.